A torsion spring can be closed or open-wound and usually is designed to wind up. As a torsion spring winds up, the coil diameter will decrease and the body length will increase. Read more on the direction of spring winding in our technical articles.
It is important to consider the direction of loading when designing bends or forms off a torsion spring's body or in torsion spring legs. Favorable residual stresses can be created when bends are loaded in a direction that reduces the radius or curvature.
With new manufacturing techniques, torsion end positions can be held to surprisingly close tolerances. Older design free angle tolerances often do not apply. CSPI is a torsion springs manufacturer with modern forming machinery and production techniques that allow for an infinite variety of torsion spring end shapes. When specifications call for very long torsion spring legs, we recommend discussing your requirements with a CSPI sales engineer. Our staff can verify manufacturing capabilities and will work to keep your production costs as low as possible.
While we have listed some of the most common sizes, materials and manufacturing specifications, CSPI Spring provides completely customized production on all torsion springs. If you don't see the torsion spring you need listed here, don't hesitate to contact us. Whatever your needs - CSPI Kan-Do It!
Note: The constants 10.8 and 6.6 generate results close to actual versus other theoretical values.
| Round Wire | Rectangular Wire (Wound on Flat) |
Rectangular Wire (Wound on Edge) |
Square Wire |
|---|---|---|---|
M=
Ed4T 10.8NtD
|
M=
Ebt3T 6.6NtD
|
M=
Etb3T 6.6NtD
|
M=
Ed4T 6.6NtD
|
S=
32M πd3
|
S=
6M bt2
|
S=
6M tb2
|
S=
6M t3
|
| D | Mean Coil Diameter (in. or mm) |
| d | Diameter of Round Wire (in. or mm.) |
| Nt | Number of Coils |
| E | Modulus of Elasticity (psi or MPa) |
| T | Deflection, number of turns or revolutions of spring |
| M | Moment or Torque (lbin or Nmm) |
| b | Width (in. or mm) |
| t | Thickness (in. or mm) |
| S | Bending Stress*, (psi or MPa) |
*(Typically the maximum design stress is 75%
of the minimum tensile strength of the material.)
Torsion springs are used to store rotational energy or to apply torque. It is always best to design torsion springs to wind up in use and to apply force in the direction of the wind – otherwise unfavorable bending stresses will occur. As a torsion spring deflects in the direction of the wind, the spring's diameter will decrease and its body length will increase. In these situations it is recommended that the torsion spring be supported on its inner diameter (I.D.) with a shaft or tube, sized so that there will be no binding as the torsion spring deflects.
Double-torsion springs are a common type of torsion spring. They are made of a left hand component and a right hand component which are connected at the center. It is possible to have the two components connect at the outside edge, though this is not recommended.
Most torsion springs are wound with the coils touching but with minimal initial tension. For these springs the body length can be calculated by multiplying the wire diameter by the number of coils, then adding one.
As a custom torsion spring and double torsion spring manufacturer, CSPI Spring can produce a wide variety of torsion spring shapes, sizes and designs. Using material sizes from .007 to .625 inches in spring wire diameter, and up to 2.0 inches bar stock, all CSPI torsion springs are precision manufactured to meet even the strictest order requirements.
We produce a wide variety of torsion spring shapes, designs, and a virtually unlimited variety of torsion spring end types. With over a century of spring design and manufacturing experience, we can provide design assistance on your torsion spring order, helping to lower production costs and review your part's fit and function.
Below are just a small selection of the torsion spring and double torsion spring shapes we have produced, including:
As with all CSPI Spring-produced parts, we can custom manufacture any torsion spring or double torsion spring to fit your needs. As a trusted torsion spring manufacturer, we have offered great prices, high quality and total customer satisfaction for more than a century.
To experience the CSPI Spring difference for yourself, contact us today, or request a torsion spring manufacturing quote online.
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